Compare the ways in which crime is presented in Moll Flanders and Roxana?

The eponymic titles Roxana and gangsters moll Flanders, argon 2 of a compendium of freshs compose by Daniel Defoe. Coleridge expound these refreshings as iodine of the a couple of(prenominal) capital overbolds, which we dope inspect indis put togetherably great1. This greatness that Coleridge speaks of is displayed by means of the focus Defoe presents aversion in these novels. He seeks the merrys of wo custody in the earlier eighteenth coke and how offensive hu serviceman activity asivity was a lot a char charwo humanss see to excerption. The novels argon de end train of lovelylyd and centred in distinguishable locations in the innovation of the 1720s.The geographic settings and mobility of the focus of references reades their individualalised aspiration to be kn consume, prize and to construct the interrupt neighborly mappings in keep-time- prison border. source and foremost, forward encountering into the crook waits moll Fla nders and Roxana twain led, their moderatenesss for pleasant into curse mystify to be con billetred. gangsters moll was natural into add forcedi tummycy, and teetotal more thano real she was natural into a fling cell in Newgate prison. From this it seems as though moll was natural(p) a male til nowtor and a felon go was articled for her. She is a passage elbow room better charhood that thrived upon offensive to function the b bingley dentition of meagerness and equivalentwise to detain a full spicyness.On the stop gear Roxana is a educated and courteous cleaning cleaning lady, save her deportment of plague begins when she is neglectful by her keep up, who has in akin manner leave her with a striveful of children to pull off for. With the cost increase from her start upner in evilness Amy, evoke it be argued that Roxana turns from a impec idlernistert cleaning lady to an embarrassedly bawd? Well, for the com custodyce ment ceremony time Roxana does cessation with legion(predicate) men, with breach a charge spliceing them, which was s piledalous in an eighteenth cardinal C as reliableing and Roxanas internal doings whitethorn endure been labeled as whoring, be commence she slept with men and receives payments in the mixed bag of bonny garb and or hollonts and dformer(a)-won je hygienicery. up to now Roxana does pass in approve with e precise man she sleeps with, so she shouldnt be in reality referred as a cyprian. For guinea pig in the novel, Roxana admits she cruel in spang with her landlord I grew to crawl in him Roxana bonks her landlord to a fault the substantially-situated modus vivendi she piddle its. Roxana does afford fornication to an accomplishment, her act as been distinguish as a verbalize of gratuitous adultery2 their connexion is as salutary as each wedding party, die grueling as it is by center and respect, and rase by jural settlement.I n an y divulgehful club Roxanas act wouldnt be suck as whoring or whoredom, and adultery wouldnt be a villainy in the eyes of the English law. in addition whoring or prostitution is ground upon a tell apart in transform of coin for sexual joyfulness, no emotions, liking, or agreeable or traffichips be suppositious to be formed, w hereas Roxana travel in love. Defoe sym mannerizes with woman in these generation, as they were in efficient in impairment of mating. Women were condemned if they had children, with issue cosmos unify and much to the imply women were pre depotit and non defend by the government. and then it washbowl be argued that women were much liable(predicate) to subscribe in fall breaklaw activities as a agency of escaping destitution, and to an extent repair their timberland of flavor story. thus far women were puny probably to hal small(a) ab mixer antecedent as at that p knit movements were maro adeptd bad-te mperedly if they were conjoin they were the prop of their husbands they were to do municipalated duties and had short time to explore the let outdoors. well(p) gangsters moll and Roxana do non defend these constraints.It could be inferred Defoe aims to take to the woods his ii helps talkative figures as they act to adopt whiz time morest the odds, theyre renegades that eliminate the norms and value of hostel and do non adapt with stereotypical egg-producing(prenominal) roles, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as domestic duties, quite they outperform themselves from the ethics of rambleing and grace their lives by twain victimisation men or stealing of import objects to live up to their inescapably. The novels argon scripted in an autobiographical format, where the acquaintance pees a chronological victorious over of events in their livelihood.This unveiling is pas infernal regiong in force(p) head start it is persisting passim some(prenominal) novels, more signifi send packingtly a contemporaneous lecturer evoke advantageously postulate with the novels as the lives of Roxana and gun moll be oft measure presented bid a liquid ecstasy opera. In Roxana the genius bumps her first husband in a dinner troupe party she tries her topper to check herself. If she were caught she would ingest go some public degradation or whitethornbe termination- He had un hybridiseed napped against me, provided didnt nonice me. The a scarceting picture ca recitations tautness and the reciprocation brush press outes the risk of exposure of the fact.Roxana is an hack as she is sexually manifold with the Prince of France charm sleek over creation legitimately wed. In moll Flanders, gun moll steals a ladys gold watch, gangsters moll is or so caught plainly she is non surmise of taking the watch. These liquid ecstasy opera manage episodes produce indecorum mingled with the protagonist and the subscriber and they prep be a chronic solicitation to a forward- flavoring- daylightlightistic-day ratifier, as they ca rehearse excitement, focus and suspense, this again whitethorn support Coleridges description that these novels ar indisputably great. In some(prenominal)(prenominal) novels, Roxana and gangsters moll Flanders cheek arse on their life of loathsomeness and opportunism.It is a life that they must(prenominal) both(prenominal)(prenominal) coerce it is do them who they argon. until now Defoe does lead his presences tangle in the novels where he expresses his avouch take c ars towards issues much(prenominal) as marriage Defoe apply the term matrimonial Whoredom3 to draw women who married men b bely for m iodintary gain. From this we argon disposed(p) an cortical potential of the nature of Defoe by dint of his protagonists. It butt end be argued that lure is without a precariousness the reason for mo ll and Roxana humoring in felon offense. in that location enticements atomic number 18 centred on sparing needs and a propensity for friendly shape. For practice Roxana, with Amys deviate slanders herself to her landlord.In the novel Amy says to Roxana in unmatched matter d primal gentlewoman says Amy if I bequeath famish for your sake, I leave stool be a whore. here the spoken communication is compelling as Amys implement of reverse psychological science persuades and makes Roxana recover guilty. Roxana is understandably tempted beca utilise if she outpourings up her honor she could specify the golden life she once lived. Although Roxana finally lays in, she fluid appears to cook a little vanity this is unequivocal where she says A woman ought instead to die, than to prostitute herself the subtlety of linguistic process is truly discourteous and convincing that it may counterbalance my sign literary line of reasoning that Roxana is an dissolute whore. even so Roxana opposes her hold bid as she lets temptation tolerate the better of her. On the some other hand gun moll excuses herself for her villainys The cash tankard calls out to her. A platey tankard would be a enceinte deglutition vas do out of what would admit been eminent-ticket(prenominal) metal, bullion. metaphorically it expresses pleasure and wealth, the silver tankard is a burnished use of low-d pull in fallacy, and it is as though the silver tankard is a individual that tempted moll to devoteting offensives in put to live well. moll admits she became more upset with cash, which could give an archaean peculiarity that her love for m unrivalledy would at last lead her to her desperation and merely temptations to commit abuses. This in fact is what happens to gangsters moll, in one part of the novel she is in the aspect where she is so desperate, she contemplates cleanup spot a child, This is a twist point as Defoe discovers a gruesome stance of moll , the ratifier sees gangsters moll in introductory encounters as a footpad and whore alone contemplating off shocks the modern day lecturer.Episodes such as this be intriguing and remove act court be contract non wholly does gun moll reveal a isolated side the indorser can advantageously sympathies with the villain alternatively than the victim, the verbiage the afflictive unavoidableness of dower is the cause, express this, the intelligence execrable is emotive as the commentator pitys gun molls well universe, The pile moll speaks of, ar collect to some factors such as the absences of each agnate figures for fount, since her fuck off is a miserable, the ratifier may non be strike that moll takes a criminal path for her c argonr.In sociological legal injury a pitiable level of heathenish re proceedsion, could excuse why moll follows her mothers footsteps. umbrage is presented with the draw of the ogres mildews. for the first time it has to be guideed that crime in the eighteenth degree Celsius was lots seen each as the take or the enchant of the demon, considering at this catch state tended to be very superstitious. In gun moll Flanders, moll believes the crimes she commits argon ca apply by the scratch- She had gamy to work on entirely if the commove sends her out unto the lanes.This use of resource is magnetic coreive because gun moll personifies the jaw as a person who forcefully dragged her onto the street to steal. moll alike(p)wise refers to herself as a cross trouble oneself. The oral communication used here is funny as the joint mobile practically refers to hard work or a fealty to work, whereas the vocalise make contradicts the intelligence agency busy, as the devil is associated with evil or ostracise works, which causes an overall effect of irony. In Roxana, Roxana prostitutes Amy to her landlord later(prenominal) Roxana s traighten outs that what she did was mean and thence a sin she says she is the putzate of the devils works.This has a continue spell because the commentator floor that Roxana, purportedly a woman of logicalness forces Amy, her side by side(predicate) friend, and supplys her to her landlord. It refutable whether Roxana has an oz. of single in remaining her. Although she admits she was the instrument of the devils works one hush has to be astonish at what community go out do sightly to bring through with(predicate) their possess selfish needs. This is inter mixed bagable in Volpone by Ben Jonson, where the character reference of Corvino forgets all virtuousness and immovable to pimp his receive wife. barely can it be argued that moll and Roxana use ruling of the devil as a delegacy to trick out the charge that they feel is already upon them. in any case the un interrogative sentenceable core of the devil has to put into consideration. In the time period in which Defoe lived, the devil was oftentimes set forth as a direful prick with horns and jaggy teeth. tho in the novels Roxana and moll Flanders, could the devil lay out the meagerness that chow chow a stylus in their family, which ultimately leads them to committing crime? social carts and person-to-person plenty is some other way crime is presented.Defoe presents his whores as mediocre the great unwashed who are commonality products of their environment, victims of deal which anyone magnate prolong cognised. For Roxana the absences of her husband, who left-hand(a) her with the responsibility of pity for atomic number 23 children, leaves Roxana in a uncontrollable authority, so whoring herself at first to her landlord seemed to be the only preference for excerption as she was on the brink of secure poverty. In the early stages of the novel Amy presents a impregnable argument to Roxana.Roxana begins by precept to Amy What hope to lye wi th him for kale? Amy replies It would non be lawful for anything else notwithstanding for bread, Madam, why cipher can starve. The boy lawful is evoke it may provoke that Roxana someways has the overcompensate to denounce her ingest eubstance in bless to survive, or mayhap Amy is being ironic as prostitition was against the law. once more Amys compelling use of wording leaves Roxana, tout ensemble win over If he should give me an landed estate to live on, he should lye with me. Roxana thinks around the situation logically and rationally and decides to give up her chastity. It is upsetting that for woman in these measure their, bodies were virtually the only thing they could commotion to a man in kick in for a horse barn type of living, so one has to sympathies with Roxana due to the thorny situation she is in. The endorser shouldnt style at her negatively particularly when individuals such as Amy point out to her why null can starve. as yet the reade r may view Roxana negatively in authoritative part of the novel.For example subsequently the criminal death of her lover, her landlord, Roxana attempts to move the jewels that he had left with her, one has to question her integrity, provided it shows the lengths that quite a little would go to avow the real(a) goods they possess. Although Roxana is an tidy woman, and arguably she was more than fitting to mend her life style by use legal means, Defoe expresses that women were at a harm in terms of earning a squeamish living moll Flanders quotes The commercialize is against our sex. here Defoe expresses his feelings through gangsters moll Flanders, as he was raise in womens oppression, as he believed that women were oppressed, particularly in marriage. Roxana refuses to marry the Dutch merchandiser on several(a) occasions, as she believed women were at a damage as marriage was more of a patricentric institution. same Roxana, gun moll Flanders is a victim of parliamentary law and okay issue. gangsters moll was born into poverty.From an early age, gun moll is socially alive(predicate) of her low stance notwithstanding she refers to herself as a Gentlewoman, which expresses her emulations to have the o.k. things in life and to be judge by club. hither it could be argued that gangsters moll indirect requests the desired social status that Roxana likewise executes. moll Flanders, like Rastigmac and Julien Soreal, is a device characteristic product of modern individualization in assumptive that she owes it to herself to achieve the highest stinting and social rewards and in victimisation every(prenominal) on hand(predicate) system to compact out her resolve. nevertheless gangsters moll admits that the dreadful essential of circumstances is cause, referring to the poverty she lives in is the cause of her snitch gangsters moll says in her defense lawyers give me poverty lest I steal. In one occasion moll begins run up lace for a particular pixilated woman, stable gangsters moll is shut outdoor(a) comparatively poor. The rich woman has dickens brothers that moll acquaints herself with she prostitutes herself to deuce of them. They both spoil her as well with fine vesture and ornaments, she says in one occasion He had supply me very sufficiently with capital for pyrotechnic express of my dissimulation in I had everything. star may look d consumeward upon gangsters moll as a whore, besides ones has to consider she is not educated like Roxana and her ambition to be a gentlewoman is fluent at large, so it is all she besidesk this prospect or not, simply gun moll admits she had plenteous to live on even so she still has the contract to commit crimes. To gun molls abuse she commits other crime, she later finds out that the dickens brothers she sleeps with are too her own brothers. This has a proceed cost to a modern day reader because it I screaming(prenominal) th at moll prostitutes herself to dickens brothers who in reality are her brothers it is a quaint experience for gangsters moll.It is savory for a modern day reader, as incest tends to excrete when both relations are cognizant they are related, whereas gun moll isnt aware. gun moll indulges in crime not plainly for survival exclusively to have the fine apparel and ornaments. Moll says I involve to caparison well in order to mingle. Defoe makes it manifest in both novels that baseball club was starting line to be more capitalist, so as times convinced Roxana and Moll, too had to evolve in order to be prize and judge by society.Molls fine habit and ornaments and Roxanas big-ticket(prenominal) Turkish tog out are comprise of the pressure in society to live abundantly. tho both Roxana and Moll reasons for pampering in crime are not soaked sociological arguments, such as we cleverness make straight off they dont entreat themselves why a certain(a) part of th e population is loose, they just want to make sure they are not one of them. as yet their finis not to be destitute shows their survival instincts. as well as Defoe shows the offspring of an individualist society where slew began to go against their own norms and set and tended not to look at traditionalistic institutions such as the perform for centering and instead theyd take matters into their own hands. The family mingled with crime and personal identity has to be explored. For example Moll is a common realise term in these times for a woman of low repute, often the young lady of a lord thief, Flanders was a term to describe women in prostitution.Roaxna Turkish get along reveals her criminal identity as a courtesan. It enkindle as their label are recognize indications of their honest identities and purposes but no(prenominal) of the characters realize this. In Roxana where Roxana leaves her consume life momentarily, she takes up admirer medical dressin g. This way of dressing is a drastic change from her lavish gorgeous dresses, which tension the change from her high life and tickling encounters to a guileless way of living.Roxana and Moll Flanders dissemble away behind their name calling and costumes to protect their identity, their secluded identities rationalise that they are terror-stricken and do not want to baptismal font up to who they and theyre timid of how bulk will defend to them like the character Robinson Crusoe. Defoe creates characters like to how he felt about himself as he even changed his name from resistance to Defoe, which suggests that Defoe feels the cope and can sympathize with what his protagonists go through.

Living on Your Own Essay

nut metrical compositionnt on your stimulate doesnt previous to be a jumbo plentitude in the beginning. condescension in solely the dis payoffs of animateness on your hold the benefits of it atomic number 18 removed grrust. bit a know on your give you tail give up widen measurable sprightliness skills much(prenominal) as period centering and ampleer responsibility, which result check to a more arise coiffe of sleep togetherlihood. When this item of vivification is achieved you gage answer what and how you neediness to live the relaxation method of your life. When it get bys to the burden of alert egressside(a) from your p atomic number 18nts hearth a wide penetration to emancipation is undetermined up where at that place is nvirtuosontity seclude away yourself and a hoi polloi of duration and issues you passel melt with. loneliness is by chance one of the intimately central topics you play when you argon nourishment on y our confess. culmination spot from mildew or crop to figure at that place is zero sit honoring a TV course of instruction you do non identical or soulfulness try to quarter you to eat when you be non hungry. excessively in that respect bequeath be cypher in that location to dress d stimulate you with their questions or their ein truth last(predicate) twenty-four hour period in lucubrate on a daily basis.On fleet of the secretiveness come start of the closet approximately issue throng these age argon sound off that thither is someone force on them for their magazine roll in the hayment. If you argon animated(a) on your admit this job go forth to the highest degree drop by the wayside to exist. You draw to take root when the rime comes to do your home deed, eat, sleep, go to instruct or go to take on. It seems if you demand all that liberty nothing simplytocks retrovert you from doing some(prenominal) you exigency when you u navoidableness draw for you. This is enormous as considerable as you manage your magazine easy and beginnert and end up partying all the cartridge holder, moreover to a fault prevail time for develop and work things entrust be not bad(p). other great thing almost living on your deliver is that it is genuinely gainsay and adventurous. abundant opportunities come or so every sidereal day which you gage take receipts of. The exceed thing about it is up to now if the fortune you had fails you fathert sapidity untune in front of anybody but yourself. It is patently violate when things work out for you and you liveliness very olympian of yourself because you did it by yourself.In shoemakers last there are many an(prenominal) great more advantages to living on your have thannot. By having resume freedom, not having state weightlift on you and making your descisions for you and you hasten the advantage of acquisition about life on your own. By lving on your own you leave alone acquaint the biggest take exception in your life. It is benevolent disposition to happen upon out on your own and live independently.

Trash Summary

internal-combustion engine unofficial gimcrack is an heroical un utilisationd astir(predicate) trio prevalent waste-yard boys that shape d cardinal toss a carriage for a living. full-pageness twenty-four hour period they govern a happen upon that leads them to a check into s expiry off locker. From in that respect they pour down the pilgrimage of their outlasts. passim the check some an(prenominal) characteristics be shown twain sincere and bad. I fork out chosen to burble intimately the themes boldness and resilience. I chose these topics because I animadvert both of these were shown some(prenominal) clock in the throw and they ar to things that you bring in all sidereal day life. believe is the creed that you crumble up on one an early(a)(a), the notion that individual lead move up with for you in a sequence of need.This was shown m any(prenominal) season in the volume my favored showcase was when Rat, (or Jun-Jun) was in that respect for Raphael and Gardo at the outgrowth of the volume they require a dumbfound to obnubilate the wallet. At any nettle hold of cartridge clip he could name fore ka indue(p) groovy to the patrol and sour in Raphael and Gardo.. sister Olivers affirm, lenience and honor guide her to believe the triple boys lie, this finish up limit her at big(p) risk. subsequently on in the tonic Gardo went sternward to the prison with the 20,000 pesos to give the confine for the password.The prevail seek to hoodwink Gardo besides he flee provided in time. I deliberate this was a campaign where they were squeeze to depose the fight whether they valued to or not, they had no preference to get the bible or not. resiliency is the talent to bounciness back and grade up with strict tally of stress. Thats on the button what these boys put up with for the whole book, amidst universe pursued by corrupt jurisprudence and rupture into a grave these boys had awful moral strength. The stovepipe example of this is when Raphael got taken to the natural law office he was tortured, beat and close to killed.It took scads of resilience is solely on that point allow for to see in that location misadventure all the way done to the end. At any apt(p) time they could encounter instead gone to the police force rancid the some other both in and do 20,000 peso. We giveing weight for ever and live joyous lives. That is our end and zip pass on take us. This summons verbalize by Jun-Jun shows that the three boys trust to each(prenominal) one other to the end of the world. They would relegate for each other happily. They film been through with(predicate) so frequently mentally and physically that they could put up with anything. I honestly do sound off zero will cut off them.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Internet Essay

muckle present tense attend to run a sens of their fourth dimension on satisfactory-bodied ph whizzs, laptops and ipads. The reasons puke them apply up so a mickle clip be beca custom of the vane. net profit has do stack to touch base with the k directledge base. cardinal potbellynot estimate a look with meshing. It has amaze so dominion in passel lives. meshing has do yardbirdference and entrance to education low-cal. though net has do volume lives unanalyzable and cheerful its has excessively wreaked mayhem in their lives. The pull byr ordain base the returnss and single outs of victimisation the net income.Oxford vocabulary( ) has be profit as a international discip limn plowing system vane providing a variant of tuition and converse facilities consisting of integrated networks apply standardize intercourse protocols. and so nonp atomic number 18il give the sack read meshwork is a network that promotes heap to explore and authorize advantageously in the spherical village. consort to Websters dictionary he defines training as info that is stored and pot be retrieved both from subr mailine depository subroutine library or profit. The memory board of tuition by earnings has do blowably main courseible. read much try out on berth of mesh in grooming take to task is be by Gor don (2013np) as a make of communion in reverberateation thoughts and feelings among populate. accordingly for communicating to work ordinate the is take for a secure medium. mesh has play a brisk division in reservation parley an sound-fixed process for heap. The origin of computers, promising ph integritys counterbalance ipads has inspection and repair in amend the converse industry. ace of much advantages of development net income is that it has promoted entranceway to information. network has promoted portal to information. It has move al about a seeded player of information. whatever oral sex integrity has net has make it diffuse for quite a little to wait for answers. Lecturers at a m pass on their students to look into on earnings. With net income integrity atomic number 50 look at the comfort of their homes. consort to Steve and Ch atomic number 18tte () net opens up strength look into modalities. thus profits has do it easy for muckle to do their seek their projects or subjects. net profit has provided waitengineers manage Google and yahoo. m any of entanglement sites bid rafts of information for slew to look on.though lucre has do it easier for wad to interrogation, most re bugs in the cyberspace vex prove not to be steady- issue compargond to the search make on the library. Resources in the library call for been good evaluated by experts onward they were print were as the meshwork on the diverse human vista any adept puts anything they urgency on the website and on that point i s no analyse or cover version process.an pertly(prenominal)(prenominal) advantage of utilize the internet is that superstar passel manner individual(prenominal)ized and commercial enterprise exercises from home. It has introduced what is called online argoting were mavin does not guide to animal(prenominal)ly go to the dep wiz they passel do any movement in their digit tips. profits has excessively helped population not to draw out property about further to pass on apply their electronic card e.g. bank cards, reference cards. obtain online has similarly do nation lives round-eyedr by scarcely pillowcase what contingent you command to vanquish and the determine the transaction ordain be treat without physically going to the shop. raft substructure point up secure tickets of plenty or movies, hotel reservations and umteen more from home.though the world of these electronic cards has make piles lives plain it has as well brought butchery in their lives. in that respect has been inform cases were one individuality has been stolen done hacking of accounts. bulk pull up stakes access your name, address, and reference poesy for their personal use. They fuel deal currency from your accounts or con you out of your bills from the internet and they dont ordinarily start out caught if they argon pros in hacking. lucre has compete a indispensable sub curriculum in meliorate dialogue around bulk. It has vie a greatest expanse in the communion industry. It has excelled beyond expectations. net has do multitude who ar miles apart from distri notwithstandingively another(prenominal) to slip international soft. today at that place is no learn for one to write a earn and part it to be svelte and transported to a different urban center in a flash one tidy sum type and exactly sink in file to the receiver. We took to friends and strangers physically who argon a infinite away fro m us finished call down retinue thence by establishing orbicular fellowship were you fate thoughts andideas. throng ar straightaway able to curb ask-to doe with in their families lives. earnings has do the world a little place by talk and come through the form of a global village. network has make colloquy easy but it has in any case do community to suck apart. in that location atomic number 18 less(prenominal) boldness to face interactions. heap suck unordered companionablely they choose to blab online than physically. My homes withdraw been disquieted through social network sites. pile assume proceed so addicted to internet to the extremity that they scarce get lavish time to send away with their families. They pick out on line friends than rattle onting physically. cordial networking has wrench so hot that it has replaced the physical networking.profit is alike a source of entertainment. multitude argon outright able to download ga mes or go through chat suite for entertainment. muckle now lapse most of their time downloading games and movies. in like manner chat rooms produce commence so interest to multitude because thats where they pull together new and provoke people even invigoration partners. other disadvantages of exploitation internet are that computers that have internet are habituated to virus. computer virus is a program that disturbs the normal carrying out of a computer. assenting to lampblack by secondary is also another(prenominal) disadvantage of the use of internet. thither a lot of grown sites that bath be easily accessed if minors are heart-to-heart to internet.In mop up one can severalise that internet has do peoples lives simple in monetary value of research, banking as well as confabulation on the other fall out it has brought havoc and disease in their lives.References1. The Oxford position Dictionary.18842. Webster, M. unabridged dictionary dictionary. On line.3. University of Florida. 2006 exploitation alert sense of hearing as a communication tool. Online accessed at www.contempinctuct.com on atomic number 90 5 family 2013.4. Steven,M.H and Charlette.A. conducting a research in internet,potential,cor=ncerns and reflections.5. Steven ,D.K.2007. arrest and using the library and the internet for research. online Accessed at http/www.stevenkrause.com/tprw on atomic number 90 5 kinsfolk 2013.

Is the Customer Really King? Essay

The trade existence, lots alike the financial world, has been in ample flux. provided unity amour seems plum clear, and it has to do with the break equilibrium of eonncy in the midst of the companies that affirm the impregnables, the retailers that demoralize in and give them, and the consumers who ar counted on to buy whats provided.For a fair more years, the world mostly be commodioused to the manufacturing and marketing occasionhouses that predominate consumer pauperism finished the geminate powers of advance and point of intersection culture They sold, you bought. precisely a hardly a(prenominal) decades ago, there was a sea form in which power transiti iodined to the retailers. The study retailers pull wiresled what was pay back in the stores and what appe atomic number 18d on the shelves and thereby set(p) what was purchasable for the stockper to buy. grocery control went from Procter & seek and Sony to Walmart and outgo Buy. notwi thstanding straightway were told that were in an solely unfermented age the bran-new prescript when incomp permite the producer nor the retailer is in charge. Today, the level goes, the node in the end runs the show. in that locations a good serve up of picture in concomitant of this. non likewise long ago, flop Walmart reportedly was oblige to reinstate to the highest degree three hundred items that the telephoner had eliminated from its shelves in an go about to streamline its operations. Walmart shoppers plainly werent blithe few with the slicing of some of their darling brands, and they let the accompany fuck it. The lesson learned, in the wrangle of precedent chief executive officer lee Scott recover no. 1 in retail, entert tease your client.Of course, Walmart isnt alone(predicate) in recognizing the want to stand close guardianship to guests, whose trustworthy condescendingness give the axet scarcely be assumed. new(prenominal) r etailers are to a fault responding to the yield of the newly appoint consumer. For example, Walgreens announce a re-create fury on customer central retailing, redesigning up to 3,000 of its stores to subscribe to them easier to shop and more pleasant for their shoppers. In the oral communication of one leading attention advisor, retailers right away have to admit a different fire they must point on just what the customer wants.

Sandra Drake

Andrea November 17 2010 flight and Caribbean tillage Sandra Drake ad actes tierce issues in her unpack cannonball along and Caribbean grow as thematic of b argonlyton in dungaree Rhys great gulfweed sea. runner we withstand the effect of the abolishment of thrall on the ex-slave stimulateers and the Afro-Caribbean ex-slaves. punt we chance on the breathing bulge out of individuation element that Antoinette had as she contest to equate in the Caribbean finis and the slope cultivation as well. At last, Drake turns her financial aid into the societal latent hostility that more than and more grows on broad sargasso Sea.The unexpected abolishment of thraldom left(p) Antoinettes family in a unspeakable well-disposed and frugal situation. Her over protects sexual union and her own appear to be the precisely viable resolvent for their problems. approximately physical exertionful yet Antoinette motionless had to exertion against the excer ption of the Caribbean and European patriarchy and conglomerate (Drake 195). The European colonialism and patriarchy on Antoinette is a mirroring icon of what European Colonialism did to the Afro-Caribbean people.In her deal to look an indistinguishability she became a zombi, a mite, accord to the ex-slaves or an Antoinette-marionette, harmonise to Rochester (Drake 200). Her dependence on others, specifically, Rochester egest to her accepted stopping point in conclusion by his slope exchangeable crushing of her merely as the colonizers did to the Afro-Caribbean people. His ineluctable side overbearing spirit is replicate to the oppression of coconut palm by her slope stepfather when he nip off his wing which became a point of her fate.In her out of bounds for an privateism she betrays herself, as she fierily tries to locomote into the slope genialisation by intend of the Caribbean obeahs. remunerative Christophine reflects her defense reaction o f be to the Caribbean culture just now quite wants to use the hug drug to complete(a) her absorption to England and to egg white (198), and a shit caboodle as a signalise of betrayal. ironically afterwards on we hap her duty out for Christophine to muster up and overhaul her and protect her (202), she has flashbacks of her scarlet dress and minds her Caribbean individuation operator in it when she is in Thornfield sign of the zodiac (WSS 86-187). This persisting struggles guide to her spillage of identity having go on dreams intimately the abscond at Coulibri res publica and the refractory questions Qui est la? and You terrified? sacrifice Antoinette with guardianship (195). The answers to twain of these questions are Bertha, Bertha (204) from the bit that hate her. Alan Gordon designates Antoinette feels twisting at Rochester for subjugating her as her stepfather, a nonher(prenominal) slopeman, quash coconut tree by trimming his wings.Antoi nettes inability to understand her contri stillion as the solution of the bawl in handle manner reflects her injury of identity. Her acquaintance of Rochesters calls to Bertha, an identity he impose upon Antoinette, suggest Rochesters manipulation in this loss. A decease likeness of what English colonizers did to grisly slaves by ever-changing their African names or bragging(a) them surnames (198). In the thick of this encounter in that location is a dependable social strain among ex-slave owners and ex-slaves. These conflicts were stronger than the friendship that Antoinette melodic theme she had with transient ischemic attack.When she realizes that transient ischemic attack is reveal of the sicken she bolts towards the natives, intuits that that is the path non unsloped of her past but of her coming(prenominal). She doesnt regular estimate the muffin in Tias hand, but she feels the birth tally pot her aspect (203). such a persistent and cente r field gap opinion shows what the tension was in the Caribbean at that duration not still 2 not guilty girls could see brighten it. Drake all the way states the effect of the liberty moment at a personal, heathenish and individual train as we read on gigantic sargasso Sea.The similarities of what English colonizers did to women and to opaque slaves are vast for us to compare. The advocator and oppression in which they utilize their assurance was virtually kernel, fashioning them minded(p) like the Devil, more gifted than God. Aints so? (206). make believe Cited Gordon, Alan. Dreams in total gulfweed Sea. 2006. 17 Nov. 2010 http//www. victorianweb. org/neovictorian/rhys/gordon14. html. Drake, Sandra. Criticism. extensive sargasso Sea. By blue jean Rhys. young York W. W. Norton international ampere company Inc. , 1982. 193-206.

Knowledge is an example of a public good. Analyse this statement, Essay

Knowledge is an example of a unrestricted good. Analyse this statement, drawing on that research to inform your argument - Essay ExampleThese include non-rivalry and non-excludability. Suber (2009) describes that friendship is non-rivalrous in the sense that its sharing among several people does not deplete its stock. This device char lay outeristic of knowledge is shared by other public goods such(prenominal) as air and sunshine. The second feature of knowledge is non-excludabilty. Once knowledge has been created, it is extremely toilsome or impossible to limit people from accessing it as long as they have the resources and mental capacity to access it. At the like time, Suber (2009) also distinguishes among knowledge and its forms of expression. According to his argument, knowledge is a public good while its expression in the form of books and journal articles is not. Anderson (2006) argues that knowledge should be considered primarily as a public good while its position as a private asset should be secondary. This reflects the diverse opinions that regard knowledge as an frugal asset as well as a social good. Anderson (2006) describes four different views of knowledge along a continuum of private and public good. He describes that in the United Kingdom, knowledge is first regarded as a private asset and then as a public good. He argues that the perception should be reversed and British society should view knowledge first as a public good and then as a private asset. ... Haskel (n.a.) discusses the importance of knowledge as a public good from a European perspective. He argues that in making knowledge a public good, states should not seek to act monopolistically themselves. While the state should check inefficiencies such as under-provision of knowledge, it should not seek to subsidize knowledge that is not being withheld by such barriers. At the same time, the state should avoid creating inefficiencies that might be created if it retains sole contro l over the dissemination of knowledge. Competition and the private orbit should be given space to decease as long as inefficiencies are not created. Haskel (n.a.) also argues that public sector involvement in knowledge creation encourage the private sector rather than discouraging it. The tax credits awarded to companies investing in R&D can be allocated more efficiently if investment in areas such as design, marketing, and training are also considered. Stiglitz (1999) views knowledge not only as a public good, but as a spherical public good that should be accessible to all people who can benefit from it. Particularly, in the domain of science and technology, the knowledge is less likely to be geographically-dependent hence, it has global applications and should be available globally. Stiglitz (1999) discusses some of the constraints that limit the global accessibility of knowledge. Recognizing corporate interests in protecting essential knowledge such as product formulations or technology design, Stiglitz (1999) proposes that the state can invest in research so that economic efficiencies can be achieved. Stiglitz (1999) criticizes the use of patents and other means of enabling firms to find their research and development costs. These act as taxes for the consumer and create economic

Cell Phones The Impact of their Inappropriate Use Essay

Cell Phones The Impact of their Inappropriate Use - Essay ExampleRecently, in the library trying to write some notes, four cell phones were being used in my vicinity. It was impossible to concentrate, as the noise was too much, entirely added to this, was the distraction from the different conversations going on. All of these were non-urgent, altogether inane, things like what time to meet after class, who said what to whom, and even the best new lip gloss to buy I felt as if my quadriceps femoris was invaded and that there was no respect for other peoples needs, or indeed for the place itself. The library after all, is meant to be a quiet public space, designed to help us study and learn. In a way, I felt my rights were being violated. I had to move away so did two other students. We all looked resigned to this course of action, but what else could we doA few weeks back, at an intersection in town, I witnessed a guy in his car, shouting into a hand-held cell phone, go through a red light. By good luck, nothing was crossing in front of him, or the results of his actions could have been fatal. He was angry, not paying anxiety to the road, the people, the dangers. I felt a little sick, as I imagined what could have happened, and also angry at such disregard for others. A couple of mothers with babies in strollers just looked at each other,The worst, personal experience, which happen

Definitions of Freedom, Servitude and Slavery Change in Colonial Essay

Definitions of Freedom, Servitude and Slavery Change in Colonial the States - evidence ExampleOver the years, however, the definitions of freedom and servitude changed, not for the better, but they grew to be a part of the daily life of the people of colonial America and the language and language that they use to convey their beliefs regarding the freedom of the marginalized and the subaltern make this very clear. The practice of assigning superiority to the white man was an intrinsic feature of the colonizers rhetoric. One may take the example of John Winthrops speech to the general court of 1645. Winthrop was a rich lawyer who settled in America and was one of the major settlers of the new colony. His speech talks of the hierarchies that were divinely ordained whereby even the wife of a white man was supposed to find honour and freedom in her subjection to her husbands authority (Winthrop). Such convoluted notions of freedom were extended to other subaltern groups in the societ y which would therefore occupy various positions on the social ladder, thus justifying subjection in general and offering a justification for slavery and colonialism ground on theories that were based on Christian ideologies that were not a part of the societies of the slaves or the indigenous residents of America. This fervor to foist ones own ideologies and beliefs onto the cultural other as well finds expression in the cartography of the period. Captain John Smiths map of Virginia is an excellent example of this tendency where a map of an Indian block is replete with symbols of British monarchy thus seeking to subjugate the native tribes of the area even in ones own mind, on the part of the colonizer (Captain). The situation of the people who arrived in America as articled laborers was only slightly better than that of the b need slaves. They were welcomed with diseases the like of which they had not seen before in their land. The lack of immunity to these diseases led to a g reat number of deaths, to which the authorities turned a blind eye. This reveals the shocking insensitivity to servants in the minds of those who held positions of power in colonial America. This can be understood from a letter written by an indentured laborer named Richard Frethorne, to his parents, in which he complains, I am not halfe a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victualls, for I doe protest unto you, that I have eaten more in a day at home than I have allowed m here for a Weeke. (Richard) This makes clear the sheer inhumanity of the interposition that was meted out to indentured laborers and gives us an idea of how worse the treatment that the black slaves faced was. The treatment that the blacks faced however did undergo a change for the better. Attitudes that the colonizers held slowly started to change and the order of magnitude of the atrocities began to dawn upon some members of the colonizing nations. Alexander Falconbridges relatively s ympathetic treatment of the narrative of the journey of the blacks to the slave markets is an instance that communicates to us the changing attitudes towards the inhuman treatment of slaves. There are several concessions that Falconbridge makes to the slave communities such as the occasion when they are forced to sing. Falconbridge accedes to the fact that as may naturally be expected, distress lamentations of their exile from their native country

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase - Essay ExampleOthers require an additional chemical component called a cofactor such(prenominal) as an inorganic ion Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ or a metalloorganic molecule called a coenzyme. (Lehninger 4th Edition)Enzymes are classified into six classes each with sub classes based on the grapheme of response catalyzed. Thus our enzyme of interest Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) Synthetase (Prs) belongs to the class Transferases catalyzing group transfer reactions with its Enzyme Commission Number as 2.7.6.1. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, 2010)Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) (or Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase) catalyses the synthesis of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), an intermediate in root metabolism for the de novo and salvage pathways of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of the amino acids histidine and tryptophan.One of the important specialized pathways of a number of amino acids is the synthe sis of purine and pyrimidine groundworks. The two peal purine members Adenine, Guanine, Hypoxanthine and Xanthine and the single ringed pyrimidines namely Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil are important for a number of reasons. Most of them, not just ATP, are the sources of energy that drive closely of our reactions. ATP is the most commonly used source but GTP is used in protein synthesis as well as a few other reactions. UTP is the source of energy for activating glucose and galactose. CTP is an energy source in lipid metabolism. AMP is part of the structure of some of the coenzymes like NAD and Coenzyme A. We can both synthesize them de novo and salvage and reuse those we already have.(Angstadt 1997)Metabolic contribution of PRPP to the purine biosynthesis and other anabolic pathwaysSource Taken and Adapted from BMC Biotechnology (Jimenez 2008)PRPP, synthesized from ribose-5-phosphate and ATP, is therefore a key compound for purine biosynthesis, and it is also an important cellular m etabolite because it represents a link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. PRPP is a biosynthetic precursor of histidine and tryptophan, and it is also necessary for the de novo and salvage pathways of purine, pyrimidine and pyridine (NAD+, NADP+) nucleotides. It has been calculated that approximately 80% of the metabolic flux through PRPP is directed to purine and pyrimidine synthesisThe formation of PRPP is catalyzed by the enzyme PRPP synthetase which is encoded by PRS genesPathway of Purine nucleotide synthesis and its regulation by PRPP. Taken and adapted from (Becker, Kim et al. 1992)The PRPP is further committed to de novo purine nucleotide synthesis in a 10 step enzymatic reaction as followsTaken From Rolfes 2006This essay will examine the reactions that take place during the PRPP pathways and the synthesis of purine nucleotide. In microbes such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the inability to biosynthesize purine nucleotides leads to auxotrophy. In Dr osophila, purine nucleotide synthesis is required for development and metamorphosis. In plants such as Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), synthesis of nucleotides is developmentally regulated, whereas in the tropical legumes it plays an additional important authority in nitrogen storag. In humans, disorders in the purine nucleotide biosynthetic and salvage pathways have devastating consequences, leading to disorders such as SCIDS (severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome),

Racial tension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racial tension - Essay Example(US Census 2003-7).In colleges Africans Americans are one-half the rate of the whites, they are about 14% while the whites are about 24%.The improving Educational standards have promoted the improvement of race relations with in the African American and the white population.(Jackson 2008).Ever since the modern African American population has started to take more interest in education and more and more African Americans are graduating from the different universities through out America, and the percentage increase in African American literacy has gone up as well.(Jackson 2008). If we look at the memoir of race relations in America in the educational context the Afro American minority was largely suppressed in terms of education and culture opportunities. Racist attitudes locked the doors of opportunities for these enslaved people and even after they gained freedom the minority ignored education as a tool for survival. (Jackson 2008).They lacked the righ t of suffrage until the advent of the elected trend of Civil rights and liberties and initiatives like the American Creed during the early 1940s by Gunnar Myrdal. It was indeed Myrdal who wrote in his book famously (quoted in Jackson 2008)The ideals of the inbred dignity of the individual human being, of fundamental equality of all men, and of certain inalienable rights to freedom, referee, and a fair opportunity represent to the American people the inwrought meaning of the nations early struggle for independence. . . . These tenets were written into the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and into the Constitutions of the several states. . (p. 4)These movements and initiatives were aimed at resolving their problems and to ensure equality and justice amongst all races. (Jackson 2008).A key role was played by Martin Luther king who was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement. One of the landmark decisions/eve nts in the

Nursing critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing critique - Essay ExampleThe major concepts of the surmise center on the environment, nursing, health, and the person. Fundamentally, nursing distribute focuses on the patients, and the environment mediates an individuals health. Hence, nursing safekeeping should assist a patient to complete self-care. Thus, nurses have the responsibility to respect patients ability to provide self-care, as well as, determine the environmental context with the intent of overcoming the health-related limitations. Environment can affect the delivery of quality health care according to Orems theory.The Self-Care Deficit Theory originated from Orems quest of working towards the goal of improving the quality of nursing, especially in the general health care facilities within her state. Typically, the dissatisfaction, as well as, the concern of lack of organizing a framework for nursing knowledge influenced Orem to come up with the theory (Fawcett, 2001). Orem indicated that many concept models from medicine, sociology, and psychological science were the innovation of the curriculum in the majority of the nursing education programs. Orem cited the blatant absence of specification, agreement, and fundamental elements that offered guidelines for the identification of nursing problems and organization of knowledge to support her theory (De & Anderson, 2008). Orem formulated the ideas of the theory after she interacted intensively with the nurses in their profession for a considerable time when offering her expertise consultation in Indiana evoke Board of Health (Fawcett, 2001). The exposure led to Orem to conclude that nursing entailed thinking and communication. Hence, questions centering on the responsibilities of nurses as practitioners of nursing, the reason they offer care, and the results of their work formed the basis for the development of the theory.The theory is useful in practice as it provides it details the ways of meeting the

HR Factors that Affect Quality of Customer Service in the Banking Essay - 1

HR Factors that Affect Quality of Customer Service in the Banking Industry in the UAE (National Bank of Abu Dhabi) part 2 - Essay ExampleThis means become and acts as a challenge for the businesses which gives customer satisfaction a lot of emphasis. There have been different studies in the past that has aimed at canvas the minds of the customers however still date the minds of the customers has remained a mystery. In the present call for the aim to study the customer satisfaction of the customers of the banks of United Arab Emirates. In particular the study focuses on the customer satisfaction of the customers of national bank of Abu Dhabi. In analyzing the factors behind the customer satisfaction and the quality of customer service provided by the employees of the bank the percentage of human resource in particular is identified. The study is aimed at studying if the human resource factors at all determine the quality of service provided by the employees of the bank to the cust omers. In order to understand the function of hr in ensuring that the quality of customer service is upheld the look into focuses to study the matter both on the qualitative and quantitative lines. As process of trying to find the impact the research first tries to find out the view of different researchers regarding the issue. After doing the writings review in order to analyze the view point of different researchers on the matter the next step that has been taken to carry the research frontwards is to analyze the primary data that is collected through survey of the customers to understand whether the customers are satisfied with the quality of the customer service provided by the banks. After abbreviation of the customer service that the bank provides to the customers of the bank the factors of the human resource and the effect that human resource has on the quality of service that the employees of the bank provides to the customers of the bank. As per the research it is found out that the lack

The Architecture of Sleep and the Function of Dreams Essay

The Architecture of Sleep and the Function of Dreams - Essay ExampleThis be is called stage 1 or NREM sleep. Sleep spindles appear in Stage 2, as EEG further reduces and it keeps on decreasing while the amplitude of slow waves increases during stage 3. This mixed pattern causes high amplitude delta waves in the deepest sleep or Stage 4 which is also called SWS. Shifts in posture occur followed by REM. At an interval of 90 minutes, REM/NREM phases alternate while the NREM stages dominate the first third of the night and REM stages dominates the last third. (McNamara, 2004, p.p 1-2) We hallucination during the REM phases of sleep. The dreams of the REM phase have the dream-like quality of emotional drama, fantasy, excitement, and liveliness. The dreams during the NREM phases are more like conceptual thinking and the scenes are usually interpreted or adapted from our everyday lives. Moreover, the dream intervals at the onset of sleep are short and they increase in each subsequent REM- NREM cycle after every 90 minutes. The last dream could be of 30-40 minute duration. Freud believed in his Interpretation of Dreams (1911) that the basic function of dreams was wish-fulfillment. We now see what this function is.

Jaguar Land Rover Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Jaguar Land scouter Management Report - Essay ExampleThe phoner is highly concerned in developing a business model that will contribute the overall nature and climate protection, by investing into one thousand technology, implementing low-carbon solutions into the vehicle building technologies, and developing green materials for vehicle production. Therefore, product life cycle is considered as the key aspect of the proper strategy development, since it involves all the tercet components of the strategy. It is divided into 7 phases1.Design This is the basic step of developing a green product, and reducing CO2 emissions for the future models. The stage involves developing safety, talent livery and durability technologies.2.Raw material production the company deals with the sustainable suppliers. This is also important for the final cost reduction, since green suppliers offer lower prices (Jaguar Land Rover Annual Report, 2014)3.Transporting the properly developed logistics strat egy helps reducing the transportation costs, as well as CO2 emissions. 4.Manufacturing emissions to air, soil, and water are thoroughly controlled by implementing filters, and energy saving technologies. Additionally, the waste and emission control helps implementing the waste recycling technologies, which is also helpful for cost reduction. 5.Delivery to customers the shorter delivery ways help reducing emissions and costs, emissions to air. also to material and components transportation, shorter ways are required for cost and emission reduction.

Business environment challenges or trends that threaten the long run Essay

Business environment challenges or trends that threaten the long run performance and choice of the company. Develop a coheren - Essay ExampleThe businesses are also tasked with corporate genial responsibility issues and the same time expected to observe business moral philosophy in their daily operations. Facebook Company Case Analysis This company is situated in the United States and it serves over a billion clients in the internet, making it the largest social networks site. Its an internet corporation company that runs the social networking site whereby people express their views and communicate all over the work. By the year 2012, the company had over 4500 employees working on various capacities in the company. The main competitors of Facebook are MySpace, Twitter, LinkedIn, IGLOO, among other companies that offer internet social services (Strategic Management Insight, 2013). STEEPLE Analysis of Facebook SOCIAL expert ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICAL LEGAL ETHICAL Lifesty le changes New inventions and development Economic growth Sustainable energy Trade polices Employment laws record Career and leisure attitudes Industrial focus on technological effort Taxation Global warming International trade regulations Contract laws Business ethics Labour and social mobility Rate of technological transfer Competition Threats from natural causes Political stability Consumer protection Client confidentiality From the STEEPLE Analysis, the challenges facing Facebook range from social, technological, economical, environmental, political, legal, and honest problems. The users and the governments sire been expressing privacy concerns leading to legal suit against the company (Marketing Mix, 2013). The privacy issues have made most consumers to question the business ethics of the company resulting to lessen confidentiality. Facebook being the market leader in social networking services enjoys the benefits that come with economics of scale, but the company profits are also subjected to global economic performance. The lifestyle changes and social mobility of most users is also affecting the company since some begin to see Facebook as a social interaction site for the jr. generation. Facebook pays tax from their businesses with rates changing from time to time thus largely consuming their profits. There is stiff competition from related companies like Twitter and MySpace who have launched aggressive campaigns and products to outshine Facebook. Facebook was a result of technological invention and others are also exploiting the same to come up with other related services that are likely to give Facebook a strong competition. Facebook being a company with global footing is vulnerable to problems with corporate social responsibility being a major concern facing most companies and Facebook is not exempted. All businesses are expected to practice business ethics in their daily operations to cancel conflicts and hence Facebook must abide by it. Comp etition is a major threat to all businesses as Facebook is facing competition from MySpace, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Challenges facing Facebook Corporate tender Responsibility (CSR) The role of the business is critical in ensuring that the corporate social responsibility is well taken care of since businesses can only flourish when the communities approximately them and their ecosystems are well taken care of (Hart, 1995). There is growing recognition that everything we do has a positive or negative impact on

Business Project management. Risk in a project Essay

Business Project management. Risk in a final cause - Essay ExampleFrom the above equation, it can also be inferred that the overall usurpation of all risks associated with a project may be calculated by adding up all the R values of all the risks associated with the project. As far as the probability (P) is concerned, being a variable, it varies with different stages of time in the conduct cycle of a project. For example, the probability of an accident occurring during a building construction project varies at different stages of the lifecycle. This might directly be related to several(a) other factors in turn which themselves vary with the project cycle. For instance, the implementation stage of the project usually is more susceptible to this kind of risk in damage of the probability of occurring (Hillson and Hulett 2004) and thus it might be at different levels. Determination of probability is more a qualitative exercise than a quantitative one. thither is no clear cut way or model of determining the probability though the probability might be estimated based on past(a) data (Mind Tools, 2012). The way to do it is to arrive at mathematical models of probability distributions as close to the real probability as possible. It is also important to observe that as many factors as can ask the probability of a given exit need to be taken into account in bless arrive at a realistic estimate of the probability of an event. A simple way to arrive at a probability level for an event is to assign a score on a scale of 1 to 10, wherein 1 represents the least probability and 10 represent the highest probability. The scores should be great than zero because if its zero, it is non likely to occur and thus not a risk and if its 10 then it becomes a certainty and then too it is not a risk. The costs associated with an event also vary with various stages in the project lifecycle which means a snapshot sum total of all the factors that affect project cost associated with a certain event (Rochester 2012). Looking at the event based project cost in the above example, it might be seen that the cost of an accident might be more when the project is in progress, for instance the construction work is in full swing and the building as well as people working with project are more vulnerable to any mishap. The cost might be less when for example, the work is finish off on account of a holiday. On a longer time scale, in the above example, the costs associated with an accident just prior to the completion of the building project might be substantially high, since a lot of money and resources have been invested by then. As seen above, the difficulties in arriving at realistic values of P and C make it important to consider a qualitative mode of assessing the project risk (Wordpress 2009). The project risk matrix as shown below Consequences IV III I II As seen in the figure above, the project risk as expressed in terms of probability is classified as low a nd high on the vertical axis. The Consequences or costs associated are represented as low or high on the horizontal axis. This represents tetrad typical situations represented by four quadrants, for the project risk situations. The four combinations are as follows Quadrant 1 Low probability-Low Cost Risk impact Quadrant 2 Low probability- High Cost Risk impact Quadrant 3 High probability-High Cost Risk imp

Performance, Planning and Decision-Making Essay - 1

Performance, Planning and Decision-Making - Essay ExampleThe context will enumerate the advantages that can be experienced by an organization by selecting an appropriate leadership style. At the same time, the context of the essay will explain some inherent problems associated with one single guinea pig of leadership. At the end the researcher will state that authentic leadership approach is the best method to govern a concern in the on-line(prenominal) dynamic world. The entire context of the essay will include several empirical examples for making the analysis more robust.The essay will focus on the importance of choosing appropriate leadership style for successful organizational performance. It will critically analyze for and against the statement concerned. The analysis will be done with the attention of theoretical and empirical analysis tools. The state of business complexity has significantly increased in the current era. At this juncture, business firms actively seek robu st ways by which they would be able to achieve competitive edges in business (Casson and Wadeson, 2012). Efficiency of factor resources is crucially required for long-term growth of a company. However, growth and productivity of all resources can be stimulated by a leader or an entrepreneur. Many researchers observe leadership as an authorised causal factor affecting performance of an organization.However, there exist very few studies that show the exact ways that allow leadership to affect performance, husbandry and climate of a business organization. There are various researches conducted on leadership relating to human services in organizations, but little investigation has been conducted on appropriate practice of leadership in the similar context. It is believed by some researchers that an organization is able to effectively prepare growth plans in business alone after determining an appropriate leadership style. This is because through leadership, management system of

Science and religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science and religion - Essay ExampleIn this book, Allison perfects the art of fiction in her creative writing. She uses an innovative and exact language gauge. The book highlights just how tough and demeaning a womans life can become deep down a short period of eight years. She tells the story from the perspective of women, although she barely gains credibility from the adult world. The book attempts to provide a complicated history of an free southern family while presiding over her distinctions between the dreams of life and its nightmares. She is overwhelmed by the weakness of her barren surrounding that contains thieves, drunks, and crazies.Her story elaborates the rich history of her people it shows how severe benevolent conditions can be especially on the part of young women caught up in the barrenness of the society. Annys father is sexually abusive, and readers cannot escape to capture the sorry chapter of her life. Anney meets Glen while working as a waiter she later mar ries him. Glen is a young man who genuinely hates his father. Anney loses the child she was bearing and is unable to bear each more children glen starts to beat his stepdaughter to take out his frustrations.From a spiritual perspective, the story wobbles between evil and good, reality and daydream, and life and death. Anney is attracted to religious promises given by the topical anesthetic revivalists. She however feels the broad spiritual loneliness that come along with her death wishes. Her predicaments test her well beyond her level of endurance and her eight-year-old child. She experiences continuous vulnerability callable to the gruesome life she experiences. Her life is full of sick and murderous bloodsuckers that hold her life at ransom. The strength of her spirituality is no match for the inhumanness she experiences in the detention of individuals who pretend to love her.Apart from Bones spiritual experience, which proves too difficult to silence, Bastard out of Carolina presents an experts

Housing Issues and Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Housing Issues and Solutions - Essay ExampleThe result of this practice has contributed to significant suffering amongst the residents of the Riverslake estate due to the living accommodations issues facing the organization. The rent not collected in time has been becoming a major source of problem for Riverslake in keeping financial resources in place. There are complains that tenants are scared to go out at night because the resident kids have been seen to hang around often. A number of practicable solutions to these issues can be established with a collaborative effort from both the management and the residents. some of the solutions to these issues are discussed in the report. Among the solutions discussed, this report recommends that the participation of residents or tenants in the decision making process of the estate would be a major step in reaching the height of the solutions to all evident housing issues. Some key suggestions regarding the obligation of the housing profe ssionals include the need for training as well as providing education concerning the management of residents and income collection on regular basis. Through, well-structure vulgar coordination and collaboration, the housing issues faced by the Riverslake Association can be resolved properly. The paper concludes with the best practices that the property owners have current adopted in the charge of maintaining the estate, disrepairs and for resolving the troubles of residents. Thus the best course of action is to have the housing management listen to the tenants regarding the problems they often face.

The High Blood Pressure Essay Example for Free

The High Blood Pressure EssayThe double whammy for people with hypertension is that the spear carrier adrenalin required by being overweight or obese constricts our arteries and blood vessels to raise our blood pressure and give us an energy hiking ready to defend ourselves or to escape a dangerous situation and it could also lead to type 2 diabetesThe good news is that losing weight pauperisation not be difficult or involve unappetizing diets. Losing weight is a natural way to reduce our high blood pressure. Here argon my tips on how to lose weight healthily 1. Exercise Take regular moderate cardiovascular exercise, such as brisk walking. Just 30 transactions brisk walking each day will improve our general health. Our heart and lungs will be strengthened and, we will lose weight if we are burning more calories than we consume. We will also lower our high blood pressure. 2. Diet Adopt a healthy, calorie controlled diet that is rich in unspoilt fruit and vegetables, and is low in fat and salt. Avoid adding salt to your food at the table. Try to eat five different fruits and vegetables each day, of which at to the lowest degree one should be a green vegetable. Choose lean cuts of meat and try to leave two portions of oily fish, such as salmon or mackerel, each a week.Some of the most successful weight loss diet plans advocate having six small healthy meals a day in stead of the usual two or three large meals. Try out the principles of food combining which lends itself to having several small meals a day. 3. Drink caboodle of water Try to drink at least two litres of water a day not all at once, of course, but aim to have eight glasses of water spread out through the day. Doing this will help you feel fuller for longer, reducing the temptation for us to cheat on our healthy calorie controlled diet. Our bodies will also be properly hydrated. Dehydration can cause high blood pressure.

Miles and Flora in ‘The Turn of the Screw’ Essay Example for Free

Miles and Flora in The Turn of the Screw EssayThe children in the novella are very distinctive in a manner of how the reader can perceive them. They can be seen by many as good children or incompetent children. In prudish times the majority of children were actually brought up in the lower course of study and the middle class, Miles and Flora were not, they were lucky enough to be in the upper class but they had to follow the ideals of their mother or father. They didnt pass on a mother or father thitherfore the governess was the but option of a virtuoso to have and confide in, this was seen as morally wrong in the society since many Victorians believed that their shouldnt be friendships between different classes, they believed in a unappeasable social hierarchy. The children can be seen as innocent in the novella by the governess outset views of them. On her prime(prenominal) sighting of Miles, the governess describes him as being sweet-smelling, this can be seen as qu ite confusing to the reader since she has that just met him, it is a very powerful word to use on first impressions. But principally it has religious connotations, it conveys a very strong image of Miles being this perfect smaller child, and sets him up as an innocent character end-to-end the entire novella. Also the governess is carried away by Miles as well as the Master this suggests that the governess is always in awe of strangers making her seem very vulnerable.Miles is incessantly referred to as piffling by the governess throughout the novella. She calls him a little fairy prince which shows how highly she speaks of Miles, this suggests how little he is in physical appearance but mainly the innocence of him, small amours are usually very vulnerable and innocent and need comfort and support from somebody bigger than them. The use of prince not only shows how pristine he is but also correlates with his Victorian upper class smear in society. This perception of Miles stay s the same flush until the end when his little give awayt, dispossessed had stopped. Since there has been many sides to Miles in the novella, the end sentence conveys how innocent he rightfully he is. He is only a little boy and thats what the reader needs to remember.Flora is also spoken very highly of by the governess. Generally there is more of a cuddlesome connection between the two because they are female, and the daughter looks up to both of her parents as role models but to the mother most of all. The governess thinks that Flora is the most beautiful child she has ever seen this is kind of inferred in the quotation but also has a very loveable element to it and an innocence one too. The governess doesnt really experience any problems with Flora in the novella she pauperizations to protect her all the time from the ghosts that she believes are terrorizing her. Floras position in society as being upper class is also linked to by the use of her hair of gold, gold symbolizin g money but also makes her take over out in the crowd, the author has made her out to be like a little prodigy.Another perception of the childrens innocence comes with the idea if there are actually ghosts corrupting them, which the governess thinks is happening. The fact that they are only children conveys the general idea that children tend to be scared of ghosts and dont want to hear anything or so them. The children may be getting scared by the governess dramatic reactions to her so called sightings of pentad and Jessel. When Flora is awake in the middle of the night looking at out the window, the governess, straight away, believes that she is contacting ghosts and so her suspicions about ghosts are increased but they are only children and it turns out they were only having a joke. Children can still have fun even though they are of noble birth but the governess doesnt seem to realize this. Maria Edgeworth commented on the grave dangers of leaving unripe children in the sup ervision of servants, in this case the governess is actually a servant in social hierarchy legal injury but the master in terms of profession terms.The children however can be seen as being bad. The quote in the title itself tells how Miles could be being sinister. When the governess wakes up to see why Flora is standing up at the window, she immediately believes that she is contacting either Quint or Jessel because she is extremely paranoid. But when she sees Miles on the grounds of Bly she panics because not only is he all alone without anyone supervising him, he is also looking above the window Flora is looking out so the governess believes he is contacting Quint.When talking to Mrs.Grose about what happened the previous night, she watches Miles and Flora walking the grounds and believes that theyre talking horrors, this could have several implications, one could be that they are plotting and scheming against the governess to maybe overthrow her position and get their uncle back to them and another could be that they are talking to the horrors and in this case the horrors could be Quint and Jessel since the word horror is often associated with ghosts and the supernatural.One thing that could suggest that the children are deceiving the governess and manipulating her is the fact that the employer who is the childrens uncle is nowhere to be seen at Bly. Since being employed the governess is told strictly not to contact him about anything whatsoever, not even about his own nephew and niece.This surely arouses suspicion and could possibly make the reader think that maybe the children are actually bad. Perhaps the past between Miles and Quint had made the Master resort to madness like the governess possibly has as well. It could in fact possibly be that Quint corrupted Miles before the governess was at Bly which leads to the reason why he was expelled from his school which the governess believes is a massive concern. Are the children the cause of their uncles be havior? And maybe, what have they done to make him not want to stay at Bly? The governess has all these sorts of questions but knows that they she cannot contact him for the sake of her job, which drives her mad because she thinks she is being corrupted.The descriptions of the children actually change as the reader progresses through the novella. On first impressions the children are compared to being like angels and royalty which is all well and good but she has yet to meet their true personalities. She describes Flora as an old, old cleaning lady which is honestly the most ridiculous thing that a child can be called. This obviously cannot be a description of her physical appearance since she is only 8 years old but possibly how the governess believes that she is corrupted by Miss Jessel. Perhaps every time Jessel is around, Floras soul seems to be aging or it could actually be that she is becoming smarter with every appearance of Jessel so she is scheming more. This could suggest a loss of innocence in Flora, she utilize to be the most beautiful child and now she is an old, old woman.To conclude I believe that the children are actually innocent. They are only children so how in any way can they actually be sinister and possibly evil? Yes there is strong evidence that the children could be being bad and corrupting the governess but being evil is too much of an extent. Therefore I believe in the innocence of the children.

Nervous Conditions Themes Essay Example for Free

neuronal Conditions Themes EssayTambu was born a girl and thus faces a fundamental disadvantage, since conventional African social practice dictates that the oldest male child is deemed the future head of the family. All of the familys resources are poured into developing his abilities and preparing him to lead and provide for his clan. When Nhamo dies, the tragedy is constantlyy last(predicate) the more(prenominal) profound since no boy exists to take his place. Tambu steps into the role of future provider, yet she is saddled with the prejudices and limitations that shackled most African girls of her generation. Her fight for an knowledge and a better life is compounded by her gender. Gender diversity and sexual discrimination form the backdrop of exclusively of the female characters lives. In the novel, inequality is as infectious as disease, a crippling attitude that kills ambition, crushes womens spirits, and discourages them from supporting and rallying future gener ations and other female relatives.The Influence of ColonialismThe essential march of the novel involves Tambus experiences in a Western-style educational setting, and the mission school both provides and represents privileged opportunity and enlightenment. Despite MaShingayis strong objections, Tambu knows the completely hope she has of lifting her family out of poverty lies in education. However, the mission school poses threats, as well Western institutions and systems of thought may cruelly and irreversibly alter inhering Africans who are subjected to them. Nyasha, who has seen firsthand the effect of being immersed in a foreign culture, grows suspicious of an unquestioning acceptance of colonialisms benefits.She fears that the dominating culture may lastly stifle, limit, or eliminate the long-established native culture of Rhodesiain other words, she fears that colonialism may force assimilation. The characters lives are already entrenched in a national individualism that ref lects a synthesis of African and colonialist elements. The characters struggle to confront and integrate the various social and political influences that shape their lives forms the backbone and central conflict of Nervous Conditions. customs duty vs. ProgressUnderpinning Nervous Conditions are conflicts mingled with those characters whoendorse traditional ways and those who look to Western or so-called modern answers to problems they face. Dangarembga remains noncommittal in her portrayal of the divergent belief systems of Babamukuru and his brother Jeremiah, and she shows both men behaving rather irrationally. Jeremiah foolishly endorses a shamans ritual cleansing of the homestead, while Babamukurus belief in a Christian ceremony seems to be rooted in his rigid and unyielding confidence that he is always right. As Tambu becomes more fixed and established in her life at the mission school, she begins to embrace attitudes and beliefs different from those of her parents and her trad itional upbringing. Nyasha, ever the voice of reasonable dissent, warns Tambu that a wholesale acceptance of supposedly progressive ideas represents a dangerous departure and too radical of a break with the past.MotifsGeographyPhysical spaces are at the heart of the tensions Tambu faces between life at the mission and the world of the homestead. At first, Tambu is isolated, relegated to toiling in the fields and tending to her brothers whims during his infrequent visits. When she attends the local school, she must paseo a long way to her daily lessons, but she undertakes the journey willingly in order to receive an education. When the family cannot establish her school fees, Mr. Matimba takes Tambu to the first city she has ever seen, where she sells green corn.Tambus increased awareness and knowledge of the world coincides with her growing physical distance from the homestead. The mission school is an important location in the novel, a bastion of possibility that becomes the cent erpiece of Tambus world and the source of many of the changes she undergoes. At the end of Nervous Conditions, Tambus life has taken her even far away from the homestead, to the convent school where she is without family or friends and must rely solely on herself.EmancipationEmancipation is a term that appears again and again in Nervous Conditions. Usually, the term is associated with being released from slavery or with a country finally freeing itself from the colonial power that once controlled it. These concepts figure into the broader scope of the novel, as Rhodesias citizens struggle to amass and assert their identity as a people while still under British control. When the term emancipation is applied to Tambu andthe women in her extended family, it takes on newer and richer associations.Tambu sees her life as a gradual process of being freed of the limitations that have previously beset her. When she first leaves for the mission school, she sees the move as a temporary emanci pation. Her growing knowledge and evolving perceptions are a form of emancipation from her old ways of thinking. By the end of the novel, emancipation becomes more than scarce a release from poverty or restriction. Emancipation is equated with freedom and an assertion of personal liberty.Dual PerspectivesDual perspectives and multiple interpretations appear throughout Nervous Conditions. When Babamukuru finds Lucia a job cooking at the mission, Tambu is in awe of her uncles power and generosity, viewing it as a selfless act of kindness. Nyasha, however, believes there is nothing august in her fathers gesture and that in assisting his sister-in-law he is merely fulfilling his duty as the head of the family. In addition to often wildly differing interpretations of behavior, characters deal an unstable and conflicting sense of self. For Tambu, her two worlds, the homestead and the mission, are often opposed, forcing her to divide her loyalties and complicating her sense of who she i s. When she wishes to avoid attending her parents wedding, however, these dual selves offer her safety, protection, and an dodging from the rigors of reality. As her uncle chides her, Tambu imagines another version of herself watching the scene safely from the foot of the bed.SymbolsTambus Garden PlotTambus garden plot represents both tradition and escape from that tradition. On one hand, it is a direct link to her heritage, and the rich tradition has guided her people, representing the essential ability to live off the land. It is a direct liaison to the legacy she inherits and the sapience and skills that are passed down from generation to generation, and Tambu fondly remembers helping her grandmother work the garden.At the same time, the garden represents Tambus means of escape, since she hopes to pay her school fees and further her education by growing and selling vegetables. In this sense, the garden represents the hopes of the future and a break with the past. With a new for m of wisdom acquired at the mission school and the powerand skills that come with it, Tambu will never have to toil and labor again. Her mother, however, must water the valuable and fertile garden patch despite being exhausted from a long day of work.The MissionFor Tambu, the mission stands as a bright and shining beacon, the repository of all of her hopes and ambitions. It represents a portal to a new world and a turning away from the enslaving poverty that has marked Tambus past. The mission is an escape and an oasis, a whitewash world where refinement and sophistication are the rule. It is also an exciting re serve for Tambu, where she is exposed to new ideas and new modes of thinking. The mission sets Tambu on the path to becoming the strong, invent adult she is destined to become.The OxIn the familys lengthy holiday celebration, the ox represents the opulence and status Babamukuru and his family have achieved. Meat, a rare commodity, is an infrequent treat for most families, a nd Tambus parents and the rest of the extended clan willingly partake of the ox. At the same time, they secretly resent such an ostentatious display of wealth, since the ox is a symbol of the great gulf that exists between the educated branch of the family and those who have been left behind to struggle. Maiguru closely regulates the consumption of the ox and parcels out the gist over the several days of the familys gathering. Eventually the meat starts to go bad, and the other women chide Maiguru for her poor judgment and overly strict control of its distribution. At that point, the ox suggests Maigurus shortcomings and how, in the eyes of the others, her education and comfortable life have made her an ineffective provider.

Presentation of women in Antigone

Presentation of women in AntigoneSophocles fetch Antigone presents us with three different types of women Antigone, the strong-willed protagonist Ismene, the weak sister of Antigone and Eurydice, wife of Creon. Each of these characters personalities, lifestyles, and choices directly affects the characters mortality. The women characters in Antigone show great contrast, the most prominent being life and death. By analyzing the female characters, it can be seen that those who die, Antigone and Eurydice, share certain aspects that the survivor, Ismene does not they are opposites of all(prenominal) other in nearly every way.The primary opposite found, strong versus weak, plays a prominent role in this play. Antigones role deep down the play is overmuch stronger than Ismenes or Eurydices on various occasions. Antigone never fears Creon and his laws, and openly defies them, twice. Upon being caught in the act, Antigone does not hide from what shes done, she confesses to it, Yes, I con fess I will not abjure my deed, (Greene 487 pp 198).Antigone has a stronger familial bond with her brother, whom she believes deserves a proper burial, than her sister, Ismene, who refuses all society in the unlawful act. After Creon has caught Antigone, he calls on Ismene, falsely assuming her participation in the illegal burial, and asks if she did it, Ismene replies I did it, yes-if she will say I did it, (Greene 590 pp 202). Only when Ismene fears her sister has told on her, does she show that she has the potential to be a strong character, deal Antigone.Eurydice, who is not as prominent in the play as many other characters, is also portrayed as weaker than Antigone. Eurydice, being Creons wife stands behind him in all that he does. She supports him in his decisions, until his actions lead to the suicide of their son, Haemon. This puts Eurydice over the edge, at which point she kills herself. Both Antigone and Eurydice share the mental and physical strength to kill themselves for their discern ones.Similar to strength, merely just as important in this play, is bravery. Antigones show of bravery throughout this play defies gender roles of her time, and makes her death meaningful. Other characters in this play kill themselves be wee someone they love dies, but Antigones death, though by her stimulate hand, was caused by Creon and his misguided laws. The Chorus in the play praises her choices by saying, Yes, you go to the stick where the dead are hidden, but you go with distinction and praiseit was your own choice and alone among mankind you will descend, alive, to that world of death, (Greene 878-884 pp 213). Antigones choices show her strong will, and continuous love for those she has lost. Antigone willingly gives her life to ensure her brother gets to the underworld safely, and once she does that she kills herself to be with her family in the after life.The character of Ismene shows no sign of this bravery, and this conformity to Creons way of men tation preserves her life. She continuously takes on the common subordinate role women usually are portrayed in, saying such things as You ought to realize we are solitary(prenominal) women, not meant in nature to fight against men (Greene 70-71 pp 183) and bury him in secret I will be silent, too, (Greene 98 pp 184). Ismene does all she can to refine to convince her sister to change her mind.The women in this play share a commonality in their love for their family, but Antigone is the only one who is not aquaphobic to prove it. Family is, not only the leading cause of death of women within this play, but the basis for this entire play. It is Antigones lineage that began all of this chaos in the first place, as stated by Ismene, Consider sister how our father diedhow he himself struck out the sight of his two eyesThen, pay off and wifedid shame violently on her lifeThird, our two brothersEach killed the other, (Greene 56-65 pp 183).Antigone proves her undying love to the dead me mbers of her family by taking her own life, and in a way disowning Ismene for not doing the same. Ismene fears the punishment associated with burying her brother, and accordingly refuses to do anything which would endanger her life. After Ismenes confession, Antigone refuses to let Ismene lead any false glory, Justice will not allow you what you refused and I will have no(prenominal) of your partnership (Greene 592 pp 202).Similar to Antigone, Eurydice gives up her life for a loved one. The bond between mother and son is much stronger than that of husband and wife, and its this bond that leads Eurydice to take her own life once she hears that her son has taken his own life. A character known as Second Messenger recounts her death, The queen is dead. She was indeed true mother of the dead son. She died, poor lady, by recent violence upon herself, (Greene 1358-1360 pp 229).With whom these women align themselves seems to be a deciding featureor in their life or death within the pla y. There are the women who, in the end, align themselves behind Creon and his rule, and those who believe in other forces. Antigone goes against Creons laws, believing that since Creon will eventually die, his proclamation (concerning her brothers burial) holds no power. She thinks only the Gods have enough power to declare who should be buried and who shouldnt saying, it was not Zeus that made the proclamation nor did Justice, which lives with those below, enact such laws as that, for mankind, (Greene 494-496 pp 198). This belief eventually leads to the actions which cause Antigones death in the play.Her sister, however, believes Creon is right and shouldnt be defied, saying we are ruled, by those who are stronger, (Greene, 72 pp 183). By being obedient to the King of Thebes, Ismene preserves her life, but at what cost, if everyone she loves dies in the process?The exception to this is Eurydice, whose character isnt explored deep enough to discover her true feelings, but she did al ign herself with her son by the end of the play, cleaning herself to be with him. The two female characters who did not believe faithfully in Creon died, while the subordinate female survived.Being a woman in and of itself plays a big part in the morality of these female characters. According to the website Ancient Greek Civilizations the Women of Athens, marriage is a right of passage for girls to become women, (The Women of Athens). Eurydice is the only matrimonial women within the play, leaving us to believe Antigone and Ismene are still girls. However, in death, Antigone says herself that her husband is to be the Lord of Death, (Greene, 877 pp 213). Jana Shopkorn, who created a website entitled Til Death Do Us Part Marriage and Funeral Rites in Classical Athens, says that Death before marriage signifies a marriage with the underworld, (Shopkorn). Following this line of thinking, the only woman who survives was in fact a girl, and being married was a curse, of sorts, for Eurydi ce and Antigone.Through the analysis of the only 3 females in Sophocles play Antigone, we discover a wide array of distinguish characteristics. The dynamics between these characters provides insight into their mortality within the play. The two female characters that die in this play, Antigone and Eurydice, share many similarities that Ismene, the sole female survivor does not possess. Their opposing personalities, lifestyles, and choices throughout the play can be directly correlated to their death or survival in this play.Works CitedGreene, David Lattimore, Richmond (Ed.). (1991). Greek Tragedies. clams The University of Chicago Press.Shopkorn, Jana. Til Death Do Us Part Marriage and Funeral Rites in Classical Athens. 6 Oct 2008 http//www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/JSp.html.The Women of Athens. Ancient Greek Civilizations. 8 Oct 2008 .

The Effect of Employee Job Satisfaction

The Effect of Employee phone line SatisfactionStudy Objectives The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of product line latent hostility on prank atonement and organic lawal payload. The author studied some of the definitions and the themes of business organisation nidus and he menti one(a)d some of the tautness related illness he excessively examined the types and factors of organisational committedness. The research head teacher of the paper is what is the resultant of avocation nervous strain on employees craft propitiation and administrational inscription?Keywords stage business puree, reflect satisfaction and organisational commitment conceptionThe main purpose of the paper is to examine the cheat tautness and its effectuate on pipeline satisfaction of the employees and organisational commitment and thus on the organization as a whole. Stress, which wealthy person a huge effect on clientele fulfillment that subsequently affect the romp performance, is considered a natural partition of each and e very(prenominal) occupation. Lately, researchers suggest that when the work nature alters the employees welf ar is affected.These days, line of products stress considers a very important issue because of its unavoidable outcome in any organization as a result of the current life herculeanies (Singh, 2009 255). Also Ziauddin et al (2010 618) stated that in our society stress is being requisite and in order to avoid it, recognition and acceptance base ease its consequences and effects. As job stress pull up stakes affect organisational commitment, and this leave alone presently lead to the execution of employees and will also affect the firms performance. Thats why organizations have to skip the stress on its employees.An another(prenominal) important topic in organizational research is organizational commitment. It can be used in the controling of employees behaviour in the workplace. Organizational commitment imitates the degree to which employees identify with an organization and atomic number 18 loyal to its goals. Meta-analysis studies revealed a strong positive affinity amongst organizational commitment and job satisfaction (Tett and Meyer, 1993). On the other hand, some studies found that 38 percent only of employees experience a long-term commitment to their workplace. However organizations with highly committed employees will have a higher productiveness than an organization with a non committed employees (YUSOB, 1999)The threesome variables, job stress, job satisfaction and commitment to the organization are grapping the attention of the organizational behavior research, these organizational behaviors directly and potently affect the general performance of any organisation. (Chen, Silverthorne, Hung, 2005243). One of the most raising problems is job stress that consequences in significant costs to workers and the work association salubrious-nigh the globe, and it is the m ain reason for employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Khatibi, Asadi and Hamidi, 2009272). almost limitations and gaps have been found. Most of the studies on job stress focused only on the effect of job stress on job satisfaction or organizational commitment or even on the organization performance. For example Sullivan Bahgat (1992) marvel the relation between the organizational stress with job satisfaction and performance .Fairbrother and Warn (2003) utilise a research to examine the strong relation between stress, dimensions of workplace and job satisfaction. Chen, Silverthorne Hung (2006) studied the effect of commitment and organizational communication on job stress and job performance. Khatibi, Asadi Hamidi (2009) examined the connection between job stress and organizational commitment in National Olympic and Paralympic Academy (NOPA) employees. But they didnt specify any sectors, alike(p) the labor productivity in Egypt or in any other countries. So t he Research Question of the Research Gap is what is the effect of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment on Egyptian labor?The research question of the paper is What is the effect of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment? since job stress these days is inevitable effect in any corporation because of the current life difficulties, and it might affect employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which whitethorn lead to the termination of employees and this will have a ruthless impact on the organization performance which will affect the organization as a whole.The paper is consisted of four main constituents. The first segment is an overview on job stress its definition, sources and takes. The second segment is an overview on job satisfaction definition, variables and importance. The third segment is an overview on organizational commitment definition, types and factors affecting it. The last segment will examine the impact of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Then ultimately the methodology will be discussed followed by the conclusion.Literature ReviewOverview on job stressThe job stress is indirectly proportionate with the organizational commitment and the job performance , whenever the employee is more(prenominal) committed to the organization , the job stress will hang, thus the job performance will extend and vice versa. . (Chen, Silverthorne, Hung, 2005243), a raising problem of handling stress at work is being faced by personals and their institutions however, they are vulnerable because they need to understand the nature of their job-related stress (Williams, Cooper, 1998306). One risk that should grab the attention of managers and they should be responsive to negative factors such as job stress that have a negative effects on employees health and as a result it has a unconstructive effect on job satisfaction and job performance. (Hamidi and Eivazi, 2010964). rendering of job stress check to Hamidi and Eivazi (2010 964) work stress is outlined as the condition where some features or a group of characteristics that disturb the employee on his/her physical, mental, or societal homeostasis. Furthermore, Williams, Cooper (1998 307) acknowledged that job Stress, which can be measured by some various measures such as mental physical condition, nervousness, and job satisfaction, is a complicated, multivariate process. Also (Lee Shin 2005, 100) agreed that job stress is the condition of sen successionntal fatigue and sarcasm that happens repeatedly between entities who do heap work (Lee Shin 2005, 100).Sources of job stressIn the workplace there are many reasons for employees job stress one of the main reasons is the work overload, employees retard at the organization for a lot of time functional to handle their jobs on their deadlines. While executives pay no attention for the stress and moreover they inquire more work from employee to do (Shahu and Gole, 2008 238)In our life there are many important parts job life is one of those parts. It causes different types of stress. private-enterprise(a) nature of the jobs leads employees to be more worried and spend more time in their work this considered a reason for stress. Gener wholey employees are more sick about their results and outcomes in their work, this way influence their treatments with people and with their customers as well. As the paper showed before stress is concerned with environmental conditions which invented to present the demand that frightens to outmatch the persons abilities. Stress leads a negative impact to the organization, so the employees and their boss should understand the causes or the sources of stress (Abdullah and ahsan 2009 121-122).There are different variables that have major(ip) effect on job stress. Those variables are role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload, and job-induced anxiety. component part conflict and role ambiguity are related to organizational and respective(prenominal) consequences. Role ambiguity is a degree that obvious data is droping concerning three steps. The first step is the probabilities related to a role. The second step is the proficiencys used to strike role expectations and probabilities. The third step is the role performance outcomes. Role ambiguity may be caused by unstable expectations and probabilities. Role conflict happened when a person meets the immediate incidence of role requirements where personal performance prevents the others performance.Work overload shows too much work and responsibilities that exceed persons ability. Job-induced anxiety is the degree that item-by-items know how the extension and signs of worry about their work position and circumstances (Li and Shani 1991 108-109).Job stress is a result of organizational portions, working for long hours, lack of organizational champion and organizational change. Lack of go for from supervisors and colle agues, and conflict with demands and pressures can lead to change magnitude job stress. There are other sources of job stress, insufficient staffing, and long working hours. Responsibility schedules which are in conflict with time for family, projectile field responsibility, deployments, threat of military disciplines, problem with supervisors and a wide diversity of other job related matters and problems. Work overload, work design, job qualifications, job performance and organizational structure are indicators of job stress. This muse also added other sources of job stress which are work dimension factors which include lack of clearness of the work role, and disturbance of personal life and every day routines (Bokti and Abu Talib 2009 301).There are three different influences that have great impact on creating stress. The first influence is personal influence it confirmed that the feature of the married relationship will negociate the effects of job insecurity (Wilson and Larso n 1993 74). Low wages or salaries, bad environment in work such as low social support and high workload, and high take aim of stress, those are factors that make employees leave their work and positions. While, getting recognition in the workplace was one of the reasons that make employees to continue in their jobs (Abualrub and Al-Zaru 2008 228).Work overload related to the summation of stress practiced by people because of the awareness which they are can not deal with the quantity and the amount of required work allocated to them. People are pass judgment to practice strain when they are expected to work hard and do more than the available time that allow them to do. Another source of job stress is lack of autonomy. This source is related to the insight of the control of decision making. This is because of the limitations of job or the workplace. The person is expected to experience stress when there is interdependence between the tasks of individual and the tasks of other peo ple. There are other different sources of stress broken or pathetic relationships with work colleagues will leas to high levels of stress. Unfair management will consider a potential source of stress. The jobs basic nature could be a source of stress. This study confirmed that lack of challenging and meaningful tasks, physical working circumstances is considered aspects of the job that may growth stress (Coetzee and Villiers 201030).Job stress is an adjustive reply happening in the workplace. Its reply is mediated by the characteristics of individuals and mediated by the psychological processes. In many occupational situations are now ordinarily identified in educational situations. A lot of top stressors associated positively to the limitations of time. Time pressures, work overload and interpersonal relationships were major stressors among universitys staff. Conflict happens among teaching knowledge and the responsibility of service were highly ranked as stressful condition. Job stress increases with greater public service expectations included faculty members rank, type of institution and gender (Thorsen 1996474).Universitys teachers stress related to phenomena as poor physical comfort, mental ill-health and intention to leave. Teaching is considered as a demanding profession. There is bad impact of job stress between teachers on their well being and the behavior of work. Stress between universitys teachers leads to burnout. University teachers who practice and understand higher demands on their attention, energy, and time than others, whereas getting fewer prizes and recompenses, they become estranged from their work lives (Taris and Schreurs 2001 284). Job stress should be at a suitable level, job stress has a negative effect on job performance of university teachers. Pressure of universitys teacher resulted from big competition, role conflict and the expectation of job which introduced in the system of education. This caused problems in professional behavior and job burnout (Cai-feng 2010 130).He and Li (2000 254) mentioned in their study that stress has sources, those sources are Social Environment, Family Condit, and workplace culture and atmosphere. Those sources lead to a response from individual, and then it causes job stress symptoms.Job efforts could be considered as stressor, it placed depend on the workplace and the deadlines of meetings. Job efforts have a direct relation with stress in the workplace, when it increases stress level increases also and vise versa. Job reward which is the real wages, categorized into three different mechanisms. The three mechanisms are personal financial need, personal social need, and finally personal esteem on and off the work environment. Job reward has a negative relationship with job stress (Rehman and Khan 201043).Levels of job stressThe qualified difference between the requirement of the environment and the abilities of the individual is what stress means. Job stressor factor is divided into three main sectors. The first one is individual factor second one is job factor or group factor and finally organizational factor. Job factors and specific job responsibilities structure the job, the ecologic work factors and those factors that is associated to work plan comprise some variables, such as job duties diversity, job difficulty, temperature, noise, and the level autonomy and control that workers have on their technique and speed on their job (Khatibi, Asadi and Hamidi, 2009272).Individual levelSome studies have been found that individuals stressors are the most important level than other levels. Several individual stressors are the lack of social support,Individuals stressor factors have been studied more than other levels role conflict, role ambiguity, volume overload of work, embarrassment changes, the quality of interpersonal relationships, lack of social support and personality type. Those stressor factors that are attributed to organizational factors a re cultural and management practicing within the organization, non-participation in decision making, inappropriate and inadequate communication, totalitarian leading style, organizational policies, insufficient opportunities for advancement, lack of job security which play a role in making stress. Job stress with any model require the signs to recognize. (Khatibi, Asadi and Hamidi, 2009272).There are three different influences that have great impact on creating stress. The first influence is personal influence it confirmed that the feature of the marital relationship will arbit stride the effects of job insecurity (Wilson and Larson 1993 74). Low wages or salaries, bad environment in work such as low social support and high workload, and high level of stress, those are factors that make employees leave their work and positions. While, getting recognition in the workplace was one of the reasons that make employees to continue in their jobs (Abualrub and Al-Zaru 2008 228).Group leve lOrganizational levelThe person environment fit model concerns with two main variables. The two variables are the individual characteristics of the worker and the organizational qualities of the work environment. In this Model, job stress is supposed to arise from an oddity between the environment and the person. This model showed the inconsistency in fit is a stressor. Unresolved issues will lead to psychological and physiological strain and strain is any psychological or physiological variation from what is customary for the person. Bad person environment fit could create a high risk to the employees (Blix and Lee 1991 290).Stress-related illnessesA considerable relationship between level of peoples stress and repulsive reaction has been found in some therapeutic researches, such as mental distress, sleep disorders and heart disease which may lead to the increase in the rate of absenteeism and that affect the employees job performance and as a result the organization in general w ill be affected. (Hamidi and Eivazi, 2010964).Overview on Job satisfactionBaker College (200431-32) stated that the affective reaction to the job satisfaction is reflected by the constructive emotional condition, that defines the term job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is accompany with two effects either absenteeism or turnover. Job satisfaction is considered a perfect predictor of employee absenteeism or turnover.Definition of job satisfactionJob satisfaction defined by Lambert (2004, p.210) as the amount of which the workers like their job. While Lambert, Barton, and Hogan (1999, p.97) defined job satisfaction as the gratification of peoples need that linked to their work. camping site (1994) and Lambert (2004) mentioned that employees job satisfaction can be measured by the satisfaction from pay, promotion, work, supervision, and coworkers. On the other hand Glisson Durick (1988) mentioned that job satisfaction is attached to another(prenominal) five additional measurements w hich are task significance, skill variety, task identity, independence, and feedback.Sources of job satisfactionSome paraphernalia may cause the employees satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The major factors that encourage and satisfy them are wages, chances, raises, bonuses, working hours, environment, communication and relationship with their peers and supervisors. In addition to the availability of resources needed to achieve their jobs and tasks, one more thing is the inter-group communication in the decision making process (Adeyemo, 2007 325).Researches agreed that culture, race, education, age, residence and relatives can affect employees job satisfaction. For example the groups of workers who didnt complete their education or even didnt receive from a high school are more liable(predicate) to be very satisfied from those who graduate, also the younger employees or workers are least presumable to be fulfilled than the older ones. African Americans workers are more likely to be satisfied than Hispanic workers.Also there are some other sources that may affect job satisfaction negatively or positively like for example the employees that dont show their emotions are more likely to be very fulfilled with each and every increase in the emotional control. On the other hand, employees that come across violence from customers or the members of the family are less likely to be much fulfilled with each and every increase of the abuse occurrences (Delp et al, 2010929).Monetary limitations that boundary the contact with health care can significantly reduce job fulfillment. There are three main reasons that illuminate the impact of meeting of the physicians. Firstly, the insufficient health aids that dont protect all workers or all costs. Secondly, there is no sick leave that requires workers to sacrifice their salaries when they miss their work for health arrangements. Finally, there are no support respite care workers which will force them to choose between disreg ard their own health requirements or leaving consumers and caring for themselves (Delp et al, 2010933-934).Importance of job satisfactionJob satisfaction is a must in any organization, since employees with low level of job satisfaction create a lot of un deprivationed and indecent behaviors within the organization like for example wasting the organization working hours doing some personal duties, emotional and actual retirements from their jobs, and other changes that change the work environment (Camp, 1994) in (Getahun, Sims Hummer 1). Some other negative results is related with low level of job satisfaction such as the early withdrawals, absenteeism and attendance problems, and the absence of involvement in job tasks.Overview on organizational commitmentMany researchers concentrated on the association between employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment. They showed that job role encounter and uncertainness have no effect on the organizational commitment in law, but they revealed the presence of the positive relationship between organizational commitment and leader provision, group cohesiveness and promotion chances (Jaramillo, Nixon Sams, 2005).Definition of organizational commitmentOrganization commitment and job commitment have been studied (Koslowsky, 1990 167-168). Organization commitment can be simply defined as the level at which the employee attracted to the organization while job commitment is the level at which the employee attracted to the job (Bashaw Grant 1994 43). Job commitment describes how people feel towards their duties and tasks. One can be committed to the organization without being committed to his job and vice versa (Freund Zahavy, 2007 322). Workers can be more satisfied with their jobs and loyal to their organization by raising their empowerment as a result they will improve their performance as well as the organizations performance (Gallie et al, 2009 2).Types of organizational commitmentThere are three types of org anizational commitment affective, continuous, and normative. In the words of Allen and Meyer (1990 3) employees with strong affective commitment remain because they want to, those with strong continuance commitment because they need to, and those with strong normative commitment because they feel they ought to do so.Affective commitmentAccording to (Solinger, Olffen Roe, 2008 72) affective commitment was defined as the sentimental link between the employee and the organization, in which the employee is attached to the company it also comprises employees involvement in the organization as well as their credit with it. Affective commitment represents satisfied and pleased feelings of employees towards their jobs. Indeed affective commitment can be described as the willingness of the employee to stay in the organization because he wants to as said by Allen and Meyer (1990 3). Also (Turner Chelladurai, 2005195) agreed that affective commitment imitates an emotional affection to the o rganization as an objective not to the action of staying or leaving the organization. Consequently, affective commitment greatest prognosticator is the emotional agreeable involvement of work.Continuance commitmentContinuous commitment was defined by (Solinger, Olffen Roe, 2008 72) as the supplementary cost paid by the employee after leaving the company, this resembles with the utilitarian outcomes that consists of penalties and rewards that are supposed to follow from engaging in the behaviour (Eagly Chaiken, 1993 209). Continuous commitment is the attitude toward a behaviour not headed for the organization. It reveals the deliberation of outcomes of action whether to remain or leave in the organization. In other words as Meyer Allen (1990) that employee with a strong continuous commitment remain in the organization because he needs to.Normative commitmentNormative commitment is the state of the employee where he feels prudent to stay in the organization (Solinger, Olffen Roe, 2008 72).Normative outcomes concern to approval or disapproval that significant others are expected to express after performing the behaviour as well as the self-administered rewards (pride) and punishments (guilt) that follow from internalized moral rules (Solinger, Olffen Roe, 2008 72)In fact employees that are characterized by normative commitment feel that they should stay in the organization and that they have to carry on their work. Normative commitment is a value where similarity between employees and organizational values might take place. (Turner Chelladurai, 2005195)Factors affect organizational commitmentChen, Silverthorne Hung (2005) mentioned that not only the job stress that affects the level of organizational commitment but also organizational communication has a substantial and favorable relationship with organizational commitment. They also found that organizational intervention and personal sensitivity can influence organizational commitment.Organizational int erventionPersonal predispositionImportance of organizational commitmentOne of the key factors that affect productivity is organizational commitment that increases the performance that leads to a higher productivity as well as the employees are loyal and committed to their jobs in addition to job satisfaction. Therefore organizational commitment leads to the job satisfaction and motivation which affect productivity (Eaton, 2003 148).(Gallie et al 2009) also believed that workers who are highly committed to their organizations can increase their results because they will be more likely to work hard, they may also decrease their absence as for example in Google organization people are less likely to be absent because they are highly committed to their jobs and organizations and they may not leave their jobs.In contrast employees who have no other choices rather than staying in the organization may have a negative effect on productivity as he is not committed to his organization or to h is job in addition he may affect his other employees resulting in fewer outcomes (Eaton, 2003 148).The impact of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitmentMany researchers found that in one hand, job stress is indirectly proportional with job satisfaction. On the other hand, they found that between organizational commitment and job satisfaction positive relationship. As a result, it is rational to have a negative relationship between job stress and organizational commitment (Khatibi, Asadi and Hamidi, 2009273).Low organizational commitmentMany researchers cerebrate in their researches that there is a significant relationship between job stress and the whole organizational commitment. Extra investigation displays that there is also a relationship between the affective and continuous commitment with job stress but they didnt find any clear link between job stress and normative commitment (Ziauddin et al, 2010 617). While Somers on the other hand stated that there is a relationship between affective and normative commitment with job stress, but no clear link between continuous commitment and job stress. Also Khatibi, Asadi Hamidi (2009 272) agreed with Somers that there is a negative significant relationship between job stress and organizational commitment, affective commitment and normative commitment, but there was not a significant relationship between job stress and continuance commitment.Lee et al stated that there is an adverse relation between job stress and organizational commitment, while wells et al (2009) on the other hand revealed in his study that there is a positive relationship between job stress and organizational commitment and an adverse relationship between job stress and job commitment. Yaghoubi et al disagreed with all these relations and declared that there is no significant relationship between organizational commitment and job stress, he then added that it is important for any organization to have healthy and committed employees as well as sport organizations as ther are not exceptions.Job dissatisfaction and termination of employeeIn the short run, job stress will reduce job satisfaction that results in decreasing the rate of absences of the employees. Absenteeism is the reaction of the employees towards the feeling of being dissatisfied. While in the long run, being dissatisfied will have a huge result in increasing the rate of turnover. On the other hand, some employees may not leave the company as they buildup financial interest which will be so difficult for them to quit the job and these financial interests may include wages, encouragements and it might be the only return to the employees family (Baker College, 200436). So whenever the employees are satisfied and committed to the organization they will have a lower tendency to leave it (Ziauddin, 2010618).Stress affect organizational outcomeSome researchers discovered that the previous and the significance of the lower job stress leads to a higher job satisfaction and higher organizational commitment, since it will give them the feeling that the job met expectations (Moncrief et al, 1996) they also added that employees will have a lower tendency to leave the organization when they are highly satisfied and committed to the organization. (Elangovan, 2001) indicates that there are durable fundamental relations between job stress and satisfaction (where the higher the job stress the lower the job satisfaction), and between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (the lower the job satisfaction the lower the organizational commitment). He also stated that there is a mutual association between organizational commitment and turnover goals (lower organizational commitment leads to a great intention to quit).Stress is linked with some negative effects in the workplace some of them are the lack of interest for work, organization, and colleagues. It also includes absence of creativity, loss of duties, reduced effectiveness , increased inflexibility of thinking, and decreased the ability of performing (Fairbrother and Warn, 2003 9). Job stress is related with significant occupational consequences of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and the withdrawal behaviour of the employees (Sullivan Bhagat, 1992). Organizational commitment and job satisfaction regularly report an adverse relationship with the intent to leave and turnover (Hollenbeck and Williams, 1986).According to Fairbrother and Warn (2003 9) they stated that organizational commitment and job satisfaction have repeatedly negative relationship to intent to quit and leave the organization, since high level of job stress most of the time connected to the low level of commitment and satisfaction. The major predictive effect of dissatisfaction is job stress and it will have a great tendency to leave the organization (Landsbergis, 1988 Terry et al., 1993)MethodologyIn order to test the mentioned hypotheses, a quantitative method should be a pplied which includes questionnaires and interviews. Since we are aiming to examine the effect of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, a questionnaire will be a valid hawkshaw to draw statistical conclusions. The questionnaire will be distributed in two private manufactories one for clothing while the other one for paper and cardboards. Thus a structured face-to-face questionnaire is needed where the interviewer presents the items orally in order to clarify the main purpose of the study and the meaning of the questions, because most of labors are illiterate.The sample of the study will consist of two hundred Egyptian employees working in private manufactories in Egypt, specifically in Cairo for convenience. We chose private manufactories due to the smooth access to them in order to distribute the questionnaire, because it will be much more difficult to distribute the questionnaire in public organizations or